A straightforward guide to understanding and managing your condition
What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition that affects the body's ability to process blood sugar. Unlike Type 1 diabetes, the body does produce insulin, but it cannot use it effectively—this is known as insulin resistance.
Common symptoms include fatigue, frequent urination, thirst, unexplained weight loss, blurred vision, delayed wound healing, and genital itchiness.
Early diagnosis is crucial as untreated diabetes can lead to serious conditions such as coronary heart disease, nerve damage, kidney impairment, sight loss, and stroke.
Understanding Your Condition
In Type 2 Diabetes, insulin is either underproduced or ineffective. As a result, blood glucose accumulates rather than being absorbed by cells. This creates strain on the pancreas and can worsen insulin resistance over time.
Biopsychosocial Effects of Type 2 Diabetes
Understanding diabetes requires looking beyond biology. Psychological and social factors such as depression, income, culture, and lifestyle also play significant roles.
Managing Diabetes Day-to-Day
Diet and Nutrition
Follow a low GI diet—whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins. Reduce processed foods and sugary drinks. Use the Eatwell Plate method for balance and portion control.
Physical Activity
150 minutes of moderate activity per week (e.g., walking, swimming) can significantly improve blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity.
Medication
May include Metformin, insulin, or GLP-1 receptor agonists. Always follow your healthcare provider's guidance—never self-adjust medication.
Mental Health
Diabetes distress and depression are common. Stress hormones like cortisol can elevate blood sugar. Therapies such as CBT, mindfulness, and peer support are effective tools.
Self-Monitoring & Prevention of Complications
Monitor blood sugar with a glucose meter or CGM.
Understand your readings and track progress.
HbA1c testing every 3–6 months.
Annual checks for eyes, feet, kidneys, and cardiovascular health.
Tip: Set reminders, use health apps, and build healthy routines.
Frequently Asked Questions
In some cases, significant weight loss and lifestyle changes can lead to remission. Always consult your doctor.
Yes, but lifestyle factors play a major role in its development and progression.
Yes—occasionally. Balance is key. Enjoy treats in moderation and plan your meals properly.
